Category: Marine Plywood

Marine plywood is often used in environments where exposure to water or high humidity levels is common. But what makes marine plywood perfect for exterior applications? 

This blog will explore the reasons behind its popularity and why it stands out from other types of plywood.

Superior Water Resistance

Regular plywood can warp and rot when exposed to moisture over time. In contrast, marine plywood is designed to withstand such conditions without deteriorating.

This is because Marine plywood utilizes waterproof glue that ensures the layers remain firmly bonded even when submerged in water.

It also undergoes a thorough pressure-treatment process to repel water effectively, thereby enhancing its durability.

High Strength and Stability

Marine plywood’s multiple layers of wood veneers are arranged in a cross-grained pattern, which significantly reduces the chances of splitting when nailed at the edges.

This also prevents warping, making marine plywood an excellent choice for exterior applications where dimensional stability is crucial.

Resistance to Fungal Attacks

Marine plywood is resistant to fungal attacks, thanks to its treatment with special chemicals. 

This resistance makes it an excellent choice for: 

• Outdoor furniture
• Decking
• and other exterior applications

Excellent Versatility

Its versatility is another key advantage. It can be used for a wide range of exterior applications, including:

• Boat building
• Outdoor furniture
• Exterior cladding and more

High Aesthetic Appeal

Marine plywood also scores high on aesthetics. Its surface can be painted or stained to achieve a variety of looks, making it suitable for decorative purposes.

Additionally, the grains and patterns of the wood veneers are often visible through the finish, adding a natural and rustic charm to any exterior space.

Conclusion

Marine plywood’s unique characteristics make it an ideal choice for exterior applications. Its superior water resistance, high strength and stability, resistance to fungal attacks, ease of use, versatility, and aesthetic appeal set it apart from other types of plywood. Whether you’re building a boat, crafting outdoor furniture, or installing exterior cladding, marine plywood is a material that promises durability, beauty, and performance.

However, like any material, it’s essential to source marine plywood from reliable manufacturers to ensure you’re getting a high-quality product. You can check out the range of Marine Plywood we offer at Afyun. 

You May Also Like:

Plywood Price | Plywood Price in India | Calibrated Plywood Price | Gurjan Plywood Price | Fire Retardant Plywood Price | Waterproof Plywood Price | Marine Plywood Price

1. What’s Marine Plywood?

Marine plywood is a type of plywood ideal to use in marine environments. What’s more, It is highly durable, water-resistant, and possesses excellent strength and stability.

2. Is Marine Plywood Good?

Yes, marine plywood is of high quality and is perfect for various applications, especially in wet or humid conditions. Furthermore, Its exceptional strength, resistance to water, and durability make it a reliable choice for marine construction and other demanding projects. However, the quality may vary according to the grades of Marine Plywood.

3. Why Marine Plywood?

Marine plywood is popular for its superior performance in wet and humid environments. It offers excellent resistance to moisture, decay, and rotting, making it ideal for applications where other types of plywood may not be suitable or long-lasting.

4. What Makes Marine Plywood Different?

What sets marine plywood apart is its construction and special adhesive formulation. Its manufacturing process involves bonding high-quality veneers with a waterproof adhesive. This ensures better strength, durability, and resistance to water.

5. Is Marine Plywood Strong?

Yes, marine plywood is popular for its strength and structural integrity. Because it has the strength to withstand heavy loads, it’s suitable for applications requiring robust and reliable construction materials. When compared with other plywood, Marine Plywood stands out in this aspect.

Want more comparison? Find them below.

• Marine Plywood Vs Multiwood
• Marine Plywood Vs Gurjan Plywood
• Marine Plywood Vs Laminated Plywood
• Difference Between Marine Plywood and Ordinary Plywood

6. How To Join Marine Plywood?

You can join Marine plywood using various methods, including screws, nails, or glue. Another important point is that it’s essential to use appropriate fasteners and adhesives that are compatible with the plywood’s water-resistant properties to ensure a strong and secure connection.

7. Will Marine Plywood React With Aluminium?

No, marine plywood will not typically react with aluminium. However, it is important to ensure that there is no direct contact between dissimilar metals to prevent potential galvanic corrosion. For that, use suitable insulation or protective barriers.

8. Will Marine Plywood Rot?

Marine plywood is highly resistant to rotting due to its waterproof properties. However, prolonged exposure to excessive moisture or incorrect installation can compromise its integrity and lead to rotting over time. Proper maintenance and protection are crucial to prevent rot.

9. Can Marine Plywood Get Wet?

Marine plywood can withstand exposure to water and moisture. It is highly water-resistant and can tolerate wetness without significant damage. This is why it’s sometimes called “Waterproof Plywood“. However, it is still important to avoid prolonged or excessive exposure to water to maintain its optimal performance and longevity. Click here to read more.

10. Can Marine Plywood Be Painted?

Yes, you can paint Marine Plywood. Before painting, prepare the surface properly by sanding and cleaning it to ensure better adhesion of the paint. Using high-quality exterior-grade paints or marine-grade paints will help protect the plywood and enhance its appearance.

11. Can Marine Plywood Be Used For Decking?

Yes, marine plywood is commonly used for decking applications, especially in marine or outdoor environments. Its water resistance, durability, and strength make it a suitable choice for constructing sturdy and long-lasting decks.

12. Does Marine Plywood Expand And Contract?

Like any wood product, marine plywood can expand and contract with changes in temperature and humidity. However, compared to standard plywood, marine plywood has a reduced tendency to expand and contract, thanks to its construction and waterproof adhesive.

13. Does Marine Plywood Absorb Water?

Marine plywood has minimal water absorption due to its waterproof adhesive and veneer quality. It is engineered to resist water penetration, ensuring that the plywood retains its strength and structural integrity even when exposed to moisture.

14. Can Marine Plywood Be Stained?

Yes, marine plywood can be stained to enhance its appearance. However, it is essential to choose stains specifically designed for exterior or marine use, as they offer better protection against moisture and UV damage. Proper surface preparation and application techniques are also important for achieving satisfactory results.

15. Can Marine Plywood Be Used For Flooring?

Yes, marine plywood is a suitable choice for flooring, especially in areas prone to moisture or high humidity. Its water-resistant properties help prevent warping, swelling, or decay, making it an excellent option for damp environments like bathrooms, kitchens, or basements.

16. Does Marine Plywood Delaminate?

Marine plywood is less prone to delamination compared to regular plywood. Its construction and waterproof adhesive provide better bonding and resistance to separation between the layers. Thus, it ensures long-term stability and durability.

17. Does Marine Plywood Have Formaldehyde?

Marine plywood manufactured according to industry standards should not contain formaldehyde. However, it is always advisable to check the product’s specifications and certifications to ensure compliance with formaldehyde emission regulations and standards.

18. What Is Marine Plywood Used For?

Marine plywood finds application in various industries and projects, including boat and shipbuilding, dock and pier construction, outdoor furniture, exterior cladding, cabinets, and also other projects where moisture resistance and durability are essential.

19. What Is Marine Plywood Made Of?

Marine plywood is typically made of durable wood veneers, such as tropical hardwoods or Douglas fir, which are bonded together using a waterproof adhesive. The type of wood species used may vary depending on the manufacturer and specific requirements.

20. What Is Marine Plywood Treated With?

Marine plywood is usually treated with water-resistant preservatives or chemicals to enhance its resistance to decay, rot, and fungal growth. The specific treatments applied may vary among manufacturers. Hence, it’s advisable to check the product specifications for detailed information.

21. Does Marine Plywood Expand And Contract?

Yes, marine plywood can expand and contract to some extent in response to changes in temperature and humidity. However, due to its construction and waterproof adhesive, marine plywood demonstrates reduced expansion and contraction compared to standard plywood.

22. Is Marine Plywood Termite Proof?

Marine plywood is not inherently termite-proof. However, some manufacturers may apply additional treatments or incorporate termite-resistant properties during the manufacturing process. It’s essential to check the product specifications or consult with the manufacturer regarding its resistance to termites.

Marine Plywood and Laminated Plywood are two of the common names we hear when it comes to the plywood industry.  

While they share some similarities, they also have distinct characteristics that make them suitable for different applications. 

In this blog post, we will explore the differences between marine plywood and laminated plywood to help you make an informed decision for your specific needs.

Marine Plywood Vs Laminated Plywood

Factors	Marine Plywood	Laminated Plywood
Composition	Made from durable hardwood or softwood veneers bonded with waterproof glue.	Made from multiple layers of wood veneers bonded together with adhesive and covered with a decorative laminate surface.
Moisture Resistance	Resistant to moisture, rot, and fungal attacks, making it ideal for environments with high humidity or exposure to water.	While it may have some moisture resistance, it is not as durable against prolonged exposure to water as marine plywood.
Water-resistance	Excellent water resistance due to its use of waterproof glue and high-quality veneers. We hope that answers the Frequently Asked Questions such as ‘Is Marine Plywood Waterproof?’, ‘Can Marine Plywood Get Wet?’, etc.	Limited water resistance as it is not specifically designed for moisture-prone environments.
Cost	Typically more expensive due to its specialized construction and superior waterproofing properties.	Generally more affordable compared to marine plywood.
Strength	Known for its structural strength and stability, making it suitable for demanding applications.	Offers decent strength and stability but may not be as robust as marine plywood.
Availability	Comes in a limited range of thicknesses and sizes, primarily catering to marine-related projects.	Available in a wide range of thicknesses, sizes, and decorative finishes to suit various interior design needs.
Maintenance	Requires proper sealing and finishing to maintain its waterproof properties.	Requires minimal maintenance but may need occasional touch-ups or repairs to the laminate surface.
Certifications	Often graded and certified to ensure compliance with marine industry standards and regulations	Not typically subjected to specific industry standards or certifications.
Applications	Specifically designed for water-resistant applications, such as boat building, docks, and outdoor furniture.	Suitable for various interior applications like cabinets, shelves, furniture, and wall panelling.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of plywood is crucial to ensure the success and longevity of your project.

Marine plywood excels in water-resistant applications and offers exceptional durability. Due to its water resistance, It’s sometimes called Waterproof Plywood. However, the capability might vary according to the grades of Marine Plywood.  Also, If you are wondering how to identify Marine Plywood, you could simply ask your supplier or look for a badge on the plywood.

On the other hand, laminated plywood provides versatility and decorative options for interior projects. 

By understanding the differences between these two plywood types and considering your specific project requirements, you can confidently select the plywood that best suits your needs. 

Whether you opt for the rugged reliability of marine plywood or the aesthetic appeal of laminated plywood, you can be sure to achieve impressive results in your construction or interior design endeavours.

If you want to explore the advantages of marine plywood in detail, make sure to check out the specific blog we have written on it.

Now, if you want other comparisons of Marine Plywood, check the below-given links:

• Marine Plywood Vs Multiwood
• Marine Plywood Vs Gurjan Plywood
• Difference Between Marine Plywood and Ordinary Plywood

Plywood is a versatile building material widely used in construction and furniture making. It is available in various types, each with its own unique characteristics and applications.
In this blog post, we will explore the differences between two popular types of plywood: Marine Plywood and Gurjan Plywood.

We will compare them based on various factors and provide insights to help you make an informed choice for your specific needs.

Factors	Marine Plywood	Gurjan Plywood
Raw Material	Made from selected hardwood species	Made from Gurjan timber (a type of hardwood)
Water Resistance	Highly resistant to water and moisture. We hope that answers the FAQs ‘Is Marine Plywood Waterproof?’ and ‘Can Marine Plywood Get Wet?’	Moderate resistance to water and moisture
Bonding Strength	Superior bonding strength, specifically for wet areas	Good bonding strength for general applications
Durability	Exceptionally durable and long-lasting	Durable, but less resistant to extreme weathering
Cost	Generally more expensive due to premium quality	Relatively more affordable
Applications	Ideal for marine applications, boat building, etc that are likely to be exposed to water	Suitable for furniture, paneling, and general usage
Formaldehyde Emission	Low formaldehyde emission levels	Varies depending on the brand and manufacturing
Availability	Easily available in marine supply stores	Widely available in hardware stores and plywood shops
Thickness Options	9mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 25mm	Available in various thicknesses
Environmental Impact	Can be sourced from sustainable forests	Sourcing practices may vary; check for certifications

Conclusion

Both Marine Plywood and Gurjan Plywood offer unique advantages based on their specific properties and applications. Marine Plywood, with its superior water resistance and durability, is ideal for marine construction and other high-moisture environments. Due to its water resistance, It’s sometimes called Waterproof Plywood. Moreover, the capability varies according to the grades of Marine Plywood. If you are wondering how to identify Marine Plywood, you could simply ask your supplier or look for a badge on the plywood.

On the other hand, Gurjan Plywood provides good performance and is a more affordable option for general applications such as furniture and paneling.

Ultimately, understanding the key differences between Marine Plywood and Gurjan Plywood will help you make an informed decision that aligns with your specific needs and ensures the desired quality and performance in your projects.

If you want to explore the advantages of marine plywood in detail, make sure to check out the specific blog we have written on it.

Now, if you want other comparisons of Marine Plywood, check the below-given links:

• Marine Plywood Vs Multiwood
• Marine Plywood Vs Laminated Plywood
• Difference Between Marine Plywood and Ordinary Plywood

When selecting between the two, consider your project requirements, budget, and environmental impact. Ensure you choose plywood from reputable manufacturers such as Afyun that adhere to sustainable sourcing practices and comply with emission standards.

Marine plywood and multiwood are two distinct types of wood materials used in construction and woodworking projects. 

While they may share some similarities, they also have significant differences in terms of composition, properties, and applications. 

Let’s explore the differences between marine plywood and multiwood:

Factors	Marine Plywood	Multiwood
Composition	Made from high-quality wood veneers that are bonded together using waterproof adhesive, typically consisting of several layers or plies.	An engineered wood product created by compressing wood fibers and binding them together with adhesives.
Water Resistance	Specifically designed to withstand exposure to moisture and water. It has excellent water resistance due to the waterproof adhesive used during manufacturing. Hopefully, that answers your question “Can Marine Plywood get wet?” and “Is Marine Plywood waterproof?”	Relatively resistant to moisture, but does not possess the same level of water resistance as marine plywood.
Strength and Durability	Renowned for its strength and durability. The cross-laminated construction of marine plywood gives it exceptional structural integrity and strength.	Strong and durable material, but it may not match the same level of strength as marine plywood.
Rot and Fungal Resistance	Exhibits natural resistance to rot, fungal growth, and decay.	Offer some resistance to rot and fungal growth, it may not have the same level of inherent protection as marine plywood.
Applications	Marine plywood is primarily used in marine environments, outdoor applications, boat building, docks, and decks	Used in a wide range of interior projects, including Furniture, Cabinetry walls, paneling, decorative elements

Conclusion

In summary, marine plywood is the preferred choice for marine and outdoor projects that demand superior water resistance, strength, and durability. Sometimes, it’s also called Waterproof Plywood. Also, there are different grades of Marine Plywood available in the market. If you are wondering how to identify Marine Plywood, you could simply ask your supplier or look for a badge on the plywood.

On the other hand, multiwood is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective option suitable for a variety of interior applications that prioritize stability and workability. Understanding these differences will help you choose the right material for your specific project requirements.

If you want to explore the advantages of marine plywood in detail, check out one of our previous blogs.

Now, if you want other comparisons of Marine Plywood, check the below-given links:

• Marine Plywood Vs Gurjan Plywood
• Marine Plywood Vs Laminated Plywood
• Difference Between Marine Plywood and Ordinary Plywood

Have any questions related to Marine Plywood? Make sure you dive into the FAQs page.

If you’re looking to build or repair a boat, dock, or any outdoor structure that requires water resistance, you’ll need marine plywood.

However, not all marine plywood is the same.

In this guide, we will explore the different types of marine plywood, their benefits, and their ideal applications.

Let’s get started. 

What is Marine Plywood?

Marine plywood is a high-quality, durable plywood specifically designed for use in environments with exposure to water and moisture. 

It’s made from several thin layers of hardwood veneers glued together with waterproof adhesives, typically a type of resin. 

These layers are arranged in a cross-grain pattern for added strength and dimensional stability.

Different Grades of Marine Plywood

The different Marine plywood grades are: 

• A-A
  
• A-B
  
• B-B
  
• Medium-density Overlay (MDO)
  
• High-density Overlay (HDO)
  

Let’s take a look at each grade in detail:

1. A-A Grade

If you are looking for the highest quality marine plywood, A-A is the one for you.

Its raw materials are top-quality hardwood veneers that possess uniform colour and grain pattern, with no defects, knots, or voids. 

Is Marine Plywood waterproof? Well, yes. This grade is waterproof to an extent.

Here, manufacturers use a waterproof adhesive to bond the veneers, making it waterproof plywood. This process is known as cross-banding. They also ensure each layer is perpendicular to the previous layer.

A-A grade marine plywood is the best option for applications that require a high-quality appearance, such as: 

• Boat interiors
• Cabinets
• Furniture

It offers: 

• Superior water-resistance
• Excellent Durability
• Top Stability
• Elegant Appearance

However, it also comes with a higher price tag.

2. A-B Grade

This one is a high-quality plywood that is ideal for marine applications. 

Manufacturers make this from hardwood veneers, which have uniform colour and grain pattern, with only minor defects such as knots or voids allowed. 

Here also, manufacturers use a waterproof adhesive to bond the veneers via the cross-banding process. So, if you are wondering “Can Marine Plywood get wet?”, yes it can!

Compared to A-A grade marine plywood, A-B grade marine plywood may have slight colour variations and some minor defects. However, its performance or durability does not vary. 

It still offers: 

• Superior water-resistance
• Top-notch durability
• Excellent stability

These make it suitable for numerous marine and outdoor applications.

3. B-B Grade

B-B grade marine plywood is a lower-quality plywood that is suitable for applications that prioritize strength and durability over appearance. 

It is made from hardwood veneers that may have knots, patches, and other defects but are still structurally sound. 

The veneers are attached together with waterproof adhesive using cross-banding just like the A-B grade plywood. 

B-B grade marine plywood is less expensive than A-A and A-B grades, 

But, it still offers good water resistance, durability, and stability. 

It is typically used for: 

• Subflooring
• Decking
• Other structural applications where appearance is not a primary concern.

4. Medium-density Overlay (MDO)

MDO is a special type of marine plywood that features a resin-impregnated fibre layer on both sides, acting as a weatherproof layer. 

Similar to A-B and B-B grades, the fibre layer here comes between two layers of hardwood veneers that are bonded together with waterproof adhesive using cross-banding.

MDO marine plywood has a uniform surface finish that is suitable for painting or staining. 

It offers: 

• Improved water resistance
• Decent durability
• Solid stability compared to B-B grade marine plywood 

It’s suitable for marine and outdoor applications.

5. High-density Overlay (HDO)

HDO is a higher quality version of MDO that features a higher resin percentage, resulting in a shinier, and harder surface. 

It also offers improved water resistance, durability, and stability compared to MDO and B-B grade marine plywood.

HDO marine plywood is suitable for applications that require a uniform surface finish and superior water resistance, such as:

• Boat exteriors
• Docks
• Other outdoor structures

What is the Best Grade of Marine Plywood?

Different grades have different purposes. For instance, an A-A grade is best for applications that require a high-quality appearance, such as boat interiors, cabinetry, and furniture.

Similarly, the remaining grades cater to different purposes. If you are in doubt, feel free to reach out to us. 

Wrapping Up

In short, whether you need high-quality plywood with a smooth surface finish or rough plywood suitable for subflooring, there is a grade of marine plywood that is suitable for your needs. 

By considering the application, veneers, voids, and cost, you can choose the ideal grade of marine plywood to ensure the success of your project. With proper installation and maintenance, marine plywood can provide long-lasting performance in even the most challenging conditions. In case, you are wondering how to identify Marine Plywood grades, you could simply ask your supplier or look for a badge on the plywood.

We hope that now you are all set to make an informed decision. Good luck with your project, and may your marine plywood serve you well.

Make sure you get the product from a reputed supplier so that you can utilize the advantages of Marine Plywood to the fullest.

Want to compare Marine plywood with other plywood? Check the following out!

• Marine Plywood Vs Multiwood
• Marine Plywood Vs Gurjan Plywood
• Marine Plywood Vs Laminated Plywood
• Difference Between Marine Plywood and Ordinary Plywood

Have any other questions? Hopefully, our FAQs can help you out.

Marine plywood is a specialized type of plywood that offers numerous advantages, making it a popular choice for a wide range of applications. Whether for marine or outdoor construction projects, marine plywood’s advantages range from exceptional durability, and strength, to resistance to water damage. 

In this blog post, we will explore some of the key advantages of marine plywood and why it is a preferred material in various industries.

What is Marine Plywood?

Marine plywood is a type of plywood specifically designed and manufactured for use in marine environments or applications that involve exposure to moisture, water, and humidity. 

The marine plywood benefits include its exceptional durability, strength, and resistance to water damage, making it ideal for various marine and outdoor construction projects. 

If you wondering how to identify Marine Plywood, check for exterior glue and APA and IMO certification labels.

Marine Plywood: Advantages

Here are 6 key advantages of marine plywood:

1. Water Resistance – The Main Advantage of Marine Plywood

Is Marine Plywood Waterproof?
Can Marine Plywood Get Wet?

These are some questions people often ask.

One of the most significant advantages of marine plywood is its exceptional water resistance. In contrast to standard plywood, manufacturers specifically design marine plywood to withstand prolonged exposure to moisture, humidity, and even direct contact with water.

This resistance is due to the use of water-resistant adhesives and the treatment of wood veneers with preservatives. As a result, marine plywood maintains its structural integrity and durability in wet and humid conditions. Thus, making it ideal for marine applications, outdoor structures, and areas with high moisture content.

There is also a waterproof form of Marine plywood, known as Waterproof Plywood.

2. Strength and Durability

Marine plywood earns its reputation for high strength and durability due to its construction using selected hardwood veneers and strong adhesives. This results in a material that is sturdy and reliable.

The composition of marine plywood ensures it can withstand heavy loads, impacts, and other external forces. This strength makes it suitable for demanding applications such as boat hulls, decks, docks, and structural components, that require robust and resilient materials.

3. Dimensional Stability

Another advantage of marine plywood is its excellent dimensional stability. This means it experiences minimal expansion or contraction when exposed to changes in moisture content or temperature. 

This characteristic is crucial in environments with fluctuating humidity levels and varying weather conditions. The dimensional stability of marine plywood reduces the risk of warping, twisting, or buckling, ensuring long-lasting performance and structural integrity.

4. Decay and Pest Resistance

Manufacturers treat marine plywood with preservatives that protect against decay and fungal attacks caused by moisture exposure. These treatments help prevent the growth of mould, rot, and other microorganisms that can compromise the integrity of the material. 

Additionally, marine plywood is less susceptible to pest infestations. Thus, making it a reliable choice in areas where termites or other wood-damaging insects are prevalent.

5. Versatility and Adaptability

One of the marine plywood benefits is that it offers versatility. This is in terms of applications and adaptability to various design requirements. It can easily be cut, shaped, and formed to suit different project needs.

Marine plywood’s smooth surface finish allows for easy painting, staining, or varnishing, offering flexibility in achieving desired aesthetics. Furthermore, marine plywood is available in different thicknesses and grades, providing options to match specific project specifications and budget considerations.

6. Longevity and Cost-effectiveness

Due to its durability and resistance to water damage, marine plywood has an extended lifespan compared to other materials. Investing in marine plywood upfront can save costs in the long run. As it requires less maintenance and replacement over time. 

This advantage of marine plywood to withstand harsh environments and resist deterioration contributes to its cost-effectiveness. Thus making it an economical choice for marine and outdoor applications.

Uses of Marine Plywood 

Here are the places where Marine Plywood is widely used:

• Boatbuilding

• Dock and Pier Construction

• Outdoor Furniture

• Signage

• Fencing

• Marine Construction

• Outdoor Construction

• Bathrooms

Conclusion

In conclusion, the advantages of marine plywood make it a preferred material in marine and outdoor construction. Its water resistance, strength, dimensional stability, decay resistance, and longevity make it a reliable choice for a wide variety of projects. 

Whether used in boats, decks, or other applications that require a durable and reliable material, marine plywood’s benefits provide the necessary qualities. This ensures long-lasting performance and structural integrity. Please bear in mind that these advantages can vary slightly according to the grades of marine plywood.

Want to compare Marine plywood with other plywood? Check the following out!

• Marine Plywood Vs Multiwood
• Marine Plywood Vs Gurjan Plywood
• Marine Plywood Vs Laminated Plywood
• Difference Between Marine Plywood and Ordinary Plywood

Also, check out the FAQs to learn more about Marine Plywood.

For high-quality Marine plywood, make sure to visit Afyun. We are pretty sure you will find the ideal plywood with us, as we offer different types of plywood, such as calibrated plywood, fire retardant plywood, etc fit all your requirements.